Introduction to China’s Environmental and Sustainable Development Issues

China is prone to natural resources degradation due to its geographic characteristics and its large population. Environmental problems have been accelerated by not only the rapid economic growth of recent years but also the high intensity of energy use, particularly in the industrial sector. These factors combined with economic and pricing policies failing to account for the intrinsic value of natural resources have led to their over-exploitation. This course provides a general overview of China’s natural environment; examines its institutional, legislative and administrative frameworks in environment protection and nature conservation; and discusses the government’s strategies for environmental protection and sustainable development.

Geog3205

Semester 2

Environmental Hazards

The course introduces essential principles of risk assessment, risk perception, vulnerability, exposure, and resilience, as well as practical approaches to hazard management. It examines a range of hydrometeorological, geological, biological, and technological hazards, focusing on their origins, characteristics, and impacts on human society. Basic methods for hazard assessment and key approaches to mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery are outlined. The course also addresses emerging issues such as climate-driven extremes, compound hazards, and socio-natural risks shaped by urbanization and environmental change. Where practicable, local and regional examples will be used for illustration.